That was a single experiment, though, so I over the last two weeks I repeated the experiment and also tested the effect in combination with insulin.
The results were very consistent, with 10g MSG causing a 30 mg/dL (2x) increase in peak blood glucose over 2h. This was 3x higher than the rise observed from MSG alone.
Surprisingly, when I tried the same experiment, but with my standard insulin dose, the MSG had virtually no effect (there was an ~10 mg/dL drop in the first couple hours, but this was followed by a rise to the same peak and is within normal day-to-day variation).
I was really surprised by these results, particularly the fact that MSG has such a drastically different effect when taken with vs. without insulin. I’m really not sure what to make of that. The only two hypotheses I can think of are:
MSG inhibits endogenous insulin production (leading to the higher blood glucose rise), but does not impact insulin sensitivity (and therefore doesn’t impact blood glucose in the presence of injected insulin).
MSG promotes gluconeogenesis when insulin concentration is low, but not when it’s higher.
I’m not sure how to test these hypotheses with what I have available (blood glucose meter).
Does anyone have other hypotheses as to what might be going on or how to test it? I’m also looking for anyone who might be interested in helping me test this effect. There’s a huge range of variables here (amino acid type, quantity, protein/carb/fat ratio of the meal, whether the person has diabetes and what type).
If you have any ideas or would like to help out, please let me know.
As always, if you have any comments, suggestions, ideas for new experiments, or want to participate, please let me know in the comments or send a PM via the contact form or to quantifieddiabetes_at_gmail.com.
Figure 1. Change in blood glucose vs. time for Ketochow + butter (blue), with MSG (orange), with my standard dose of insulin (brown), with insulin & MSG (red), and MSG alone (green).
Figure 2. Peak blood glucose for Ketochow + butter (blue), with MSG (orange), with my standard dose of insulin (brown), with insulin & MSG (red), and MSG alone (green).
Figure 3. iAuC for Ketochow + butter (blue), with MSG (orange), with my standard dose of insulin (brown), with insulin & MSG (red), and MSG alone (green).
Ingredient Background
Ketochow is a low-carb meal-replacement that is designed to have all the macro- and micro-nutrients you need to stay healthy. I have it for breakfast and lunch most days. It’s extremely convenient and surprisingly good.
Butter is a solid fat source. I use it with my ketochow meals as it doesn’t mix with the powder until melted, giving the mixture excellent shelf-life.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG), is the sodium salt of glutamic acid (an amino acid). It’s primarily used in cooking as a umami flavor enhancer. It’s also been reported to reduce blood glucose when ingested along with a meal (references here). Most of the reported studies were done with high carbohydrate meals and on non-diabetics, so I was interested to test its effect with low carbohydrate meals for myself.
Procedure
Meals were prepared by mixing the specified quantities chocolate ketochow, butter, and enough hot water to reach a total volume of ~12 oz. MSG was dissolved in ~250 mL of water. Insulin was injected 20 min. prior to the meal. Blood sugar every 30 min for ~270 min.
Quantities:
Control meals (labeled “ketochow + butter” or “+insulin” in graphs:
54g chocolate ketochow, 28g butter
54g chocolate ketochow, 56g butter
54g chocolate ketochow, 56g butter
54g chocolate ketochow, 56g butter, 2.25 units of Novolog insulin
Experimental meals (labeled “+MSG” or “+insulin, +MSG” in graphs:
54g chocolate ketochow, 28g butter, 10g MSG
54g chocolate ketochow, 56g butter, 10g MSG
54g chocolate ketochow, 56g butter, 2.25 units of Novolog insulin, 10g MSG
MSG control (labeled “MSG” in graphs:
10g MSG
Results
In a previous post, I reported that consumption of MSG significantly increased the rate of rise, peak, and iAuC of my blood glucose. This was really surprising, as the reported literature indicate that MSG reduces blood glucose when ingested with a meal (references here), though all studies I found were done high carbohydrate meals and on non-diabetics.
That was a single experiment, though, so I over the last two weeks I repeated the experiment and also tested the effect in combination with insulin. The results of these experiments are showing in Figures 1-3. The replicates of the previous experiments were extremely consistent: Ketochow + butter causes a consistent rise of ~30 mg/dL over ~2h, while the same meal with 10g MSG resulted in a rise of 60 mg/dL in the same time period. This is a 2x increase.
As a control, I tested consumption of 10g MSG with no accompanying meal. This resulted in a rise of ~10 mg/dL over ~2h, only 30% of the increase caused by consuming MSG with a meal. This indicates a synergistic effect of consumption of MSG with a meal.
As a second test, I tried consuming MSG with my normal meal and insulin dose. Surprisingly, in this case the MSG had virtually no effect (there was an ~10 mg/dL drop in the first couple hours, but this was followed by a rise to the same peak and is within normal day-to-day variation).
Discussion and Next Steps
I was really surprised by these results, particularly the fact that MSG has such a drastically different effect when taken with vs. without insulin. I’m really not sure what to make of that. The only two hypotheses I can think of are:
MSG inhibits endogenous insulin production (leading to the higher blood glucose rise), but does not impact insulin sensitivity (and therefore doesn’t impact blood glucose in the presence of injected insulin).
MSG promotes gluconeogenesis when insulin concentration is low, but not when it’s higher.
I’m not sure how to test these hypotheses with what I have available (blood glucose meter).
Does anyone have other hypotheses as to what might be going on or how to test it? I’m also looking for anyone who might be interested in helping me test this effect. There’s a huge range of variables here (amino acid type, quantity, protein/carb/fat ratio of the meal, whether the person has diabetes and what type). If you have any ideas or would like to help out, please let me know.
While waiting to see what others think, I’m going to test the bounds of the effect. I took a huge amount of MSG, far more than is used in cooking. I’m going to evaluate smaller quantities as well as alternate amino acids to better understand the effect.
This post is an update on my experiments measuring the effect of dietary supplements and low-carb foods on blood sugar. This is going to be an on-going exploration. Rather than wait for complete sets of data (which would take a long time), I’m going to post each weeks worth of data as I collect it in the hopes of soliciting feedback to guide later experiments.
As always, if you have any comments, suggestions, ideas for new experiments, or want to participate, please let me know in the comments or send a PM via the contact form or to quantifieddiabetes_at_gmail.com.
Planned Experiments
Baseline:
Glucose re-test
Fasting re-test
Low-carb foods:
Ketochow: This post
Carbquick
Eggs
Supplements:
Vinegar
MSG: Started 10/2
Preliminary Results: Ketochow, Butter, & MSG
Figure 1. Change in blood glucose vs. time for Ketochow by itself (blue) and with 28g butter (orange), 73g butter (light blue), and 28g butter + 10g MSG (red).
Figure 2. Peak blood glucose for Ketochow by itself (blue) and with 28g butter (orange), 73g butter (light blue), and 28g butter + 10g MSG (red).
Figure 3. iAuC for Ketochow by itself (blue) and with 28g butter (orange), 73g butter (light blue), and 28g butter + 10g MSG (red).
Ingredient Background
Ketochow is a low-carb meal-replacement that is designed to have all the macro- and micro-nutrients you need to stay healthy. I have it for breakfast and lunch most days. It’s extremely convenient and surprisingly good. I prepare 16 meals at a time and keep them in the fridge. When it’s time for a meal, I just add hot water, mix, and wait for my insulin to kick in; about 1 min. total prep. time (all-in). It also comes in 18 different flavors, so I can rotate through the ones I like and not get bored. I’ve been using Ketochow for years, so I’ve got my insulin dose pretty well tuned for it. However, following a Reddit post by Chris Bair, the owner of Ketochow on its Glycemic Index, I decided to do a detailed test of its impact on my blood sugar.
Butter is a solid fat source. I use it with my ketochow meals as it doesn’t mix with the powder until melted, giving the mixture excellent shelf-life.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG), is the sodium salt of glutamic acid (an amino acid). It’s primarily used in cooking as a umami flavor enhancer. It’s also been reported to reduce blood glucose when ingested along with a meal (references here). Most of the reported studies were done with high carbohydrate meals and on non-diabetics, so I was interested to test its effect with low carbohydrate meals for myself.
Procedure
I consumed 1.1 servings of the chocolate ketochow (54g, my normal amount) and the specified quantities of butter and MSG mixed with hot water to a total volume of ~12 oz. I then monitored my blood sugar every 30 min for ~270 min.
Results
As shown in Figure 1, plain Ketochow shows a slow rise of ~40 mg/dL over ~2h. As discussed previously, this is similar to whey protein (the primary caloric ingredient in Ketochow is an 80:20 mix of casein & whey protein) and pretty much what you’d expect from the nutrition label and the amount of insulin I use to cover the meal.
Much more interesting is the impact of butter and MSG. The addition of butter significantly slowed the rise in blood glucose and gave an ~25% reduction in peak blood glucose and 30% reduction in iAuC. Interestingly, increasing the amount of butter from 28 to 73g did not increase the effect, though that was only a single experiment and I need to repeat it to confirm.
For MSG, in contrast to the reported literature, it significantly increased the rate of rise, peak, and iAuC of my blood glucose. This was a single experiment and I haven’t yet done the proper controls (e.g. MSG by itself), but the magnitude of the effect was much larger than I would expect from the amount of amino acid consumed, suggesting it is real. Going forward, I’m going to test MSG by itself, smaller quantities, and also combined with glucose instead of protein fat (more similar to the literature.
Interim Thoughts and Next Steps
From this preliminary data, it looks like there are meaningful effects of combining macronutrients as well as supplements. Given that, I’m going to stick with this line of experiments. I also like this approach of posting interim data as I collect it, then writing up a more detailed report & analysis once there’s enough data to merit it.
As always, please let me know if you have any thoughts or suggestions.
I’d like to continue these kind of experiments, but they were very time consuming and the frequent extended fasts were disruptive to my normal routine. To get around that, I’m going to focus on foods & supplements where I’m looking for relatively binary outcomes (i.e. large effects) and therefore can accept the larger uncertainty associated with not fasting and lower numbers of replicates.
With all that, my plan is to test the effects of popular dietary supplements and low-carb foods to see if claims about them really hold up. To avoid wasting a lot of time chasing after BS fads, I’m going to focus on supplements & foods that are either reasonably supported in the academic literature or otherwise appear to have solid data backing them up.
Lastly, it’s widely believed that the relative blood sugar impact of foods varies from person-to-person. If you’re interested in helping me to quantify that, let me know in the comments or send a via the contact form or to quantifieddiabetes_at_gmail.com.
Planned Experiments:
Baseline:
Glucose re-test:
Fasting re-test
Low-carb foods:
Ketochow: Started 9/26
Carbquick
Eggs
Supplements:
Vinegar
MSG
If you have any suggestions for supplements or foods to add, please let me know in the comments or send a PM via the contact form or to quantifieddiabetes_at_gmail.com.
Preliminary Results: Ketochow
I don’t want to go a week without posting any data, so here’s some preliminary results from my Ketochow experiments.
Figure 1. Change in blood glucose vs. time for glucose (blue), whey protein (orange), and Ketochow (brown).
Ketochow is a low-carb meal-replacement that is designed to have all the macro- and micro-nutrients you need to stay healthy. I have it for breakfast and lunch most days. It’s extremely convenient and surprisingly good. I prepare 16 meals at a time and keep them in the fridge. When it’s time for a meal, I just add hot water, mix, and wait for my insulin to kick in; about 1 min. total prep. time (all-in). It also comes in 18 different flavors, so I can rotate through the ones I like and not get bored.
I’ve been using Ketochow for years, so I’ve got my insulin dose pretty well tuned for it. However, I’ve never actually measured it’s BG impact directly. A couple days ago, Chris Bair, the owner of Ketochow posted to Reddit about the Glycemic Index for Ketochow. You can’t do a standard glycemic index test, though, as that requires measuring the impact of an amount containing 50g of digestible carbohydrate. For Salted Caramel, that would 62 servings or 2.75 kilograms of Ketochow, which would be impossible to eat.
That said, while the blood sugar rise from carbs should be near zero, the protein should have a small effect due to gluconeogenesis. Since have Ketochow twice a day, I figured I should test it. Towards that end, I consumed 1.1 servings of the chocolate ketochow (54g, my normal amount) mixed with hot water to a total volume of ~12 oz. I then monitored my blood sugar every 15 min for ~270 min.
I’m going to run additional tests with other flavors and with fat sources added, but you can see the preliminary results in Figure 1. The Ketochow was comparable to a similar mass of whey protein, but with a slightly faster rise. This is consistent with the bulk of the macros coming from protein and dietary fiber.
All-in-all, pretty much what you’d expect from the nutrition label and the fact that I need such a small amount of insulin to cover the meal. Someone without diabetes would almost certainly not be able to observe and blood sugar impact at all.
Disclaimer: This experiment was only done on one person (myself) and is not fully randomized, placebo controlled, or blinded. Please take all conclusions with the appropriate skepticism.
Summary
Vitamin C is reported to falsely raise blood glucose readings in both fingerstick and continuous glucometers. I wanted to know if this was something that I (and others) should be concerned about, but all the reports I found were for intravenous vitamin C and I couldn’t get any data from the CGM companies.
To get an answer, I tested it myself, monitoring blood glucose after ingesting 2-6g of vitamin C, 20-60 the FDA recommended daily amount (but known to be safe). I did not observe any consistent or sustained increase in blood glucose, so I conclude that ingested vitamin C has no measurable impact on my blood glucose measurements at any practical quantity.
Details
Background
When I first tried out the FreeStyle Libre CGM, I read through the manual and noticed an unusual warning:
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient and present in tons of foods and most multivitamins. If it falsely raises glucose readings, that’s a huge flaw in the device.
I tried contacting Abbot, who confirmed that vitamin C can cause erroneously high glucose readings, but couldn’t point me to any studies or say how strong the effect was. I also contacted Dexcom and there support rep. said that “Vitamin C was not contraindicated for Dexcom CGMs,” but again couldn’t point me to any studies or say if they had or hadn’t run any tests.
Having failed at getting useful info directly from the CGM companies, I turned to the published literature. I found a number of reports of Vitamin C leading to high blood glucose readings (1, 2, 3, 4, 5; not exhaustive, there are many more). From these, I learned the following:
All reports in scientific or medical journals were for patients taking intravenous vitamin C.
Vitamin C can be oxidized by glucose oxidase and glucose dehydrogenase, the enzymes used to detect glucose in most portable glucometers, including most fingerstick meters and both the FreeStyle Libre and Dexcom CGMs
The increase in reported blood glucose can be extremely large; in one case a women read 343 mg/dL on standard glucometer, while a blood test showed her actual blood glucose as 49 mg/dL.
The blood levels of vitamin C in these reports were extremely high, 1,000 – 5,000 µmol/L. This is much higher than the 100-200 µmol/L observed with regular oral vitamins.
There’s only one anecdotal report on a diabetes forum of someone who saw high CGM readings after taking oral vitamin C, with numerous comments from people claiming that they do not see this.
Given all this, it seemed unlikely that regular consumption of vitamin C would significantly affect blood glucose readings, but I was left with two questions:
Was there any measurable effect of ingested vitamin C, even if small?
mega-doses of vitamin C were advocated by Linus Pauling (nobel prize winner in chemistry). His theory has since been debunked, but is unfortunately still used by many people.
Since I couldn’t find any direct studies of the effect of ingested vitamin C, I decided to do my own experiment.
Purpose
To quantify the effect of ingestion of vitamin C in blood glucose readings from Dexcom G6 and Freestyle Libre CGMs.
Design/Methods
Procedure. At selected times of day, 2, 4, or 6g of vitamin C was ingested and blood glucose monitored using a continuous glucose monitor.
Measurements. Blood glucose was measured using a Dexcom G6 CGM and FreeStyle Libre 14 day CGM.
Data Processing & Visualization. Data was visualized using Tableau.
Figure 1. Blood Glucose vs. time for each of four vitamin C ingestion experiments. Color represents data from Dexcom G6 (blue) and FreeStyle Libre (orange)
According to the NIH, the recommended amount of vitamin C is 65-90 mg/day and the tolerable upper limit is 2,000 mg/day. However, studies have shown no serious adverse effects at much higher amounts and >10,000 mg/day is prescribed for treatment of certain cancers with no ill effects. Given that information, I tested ingestion of 2,000, 4,000, and 6,000 mg of vitamin C.
As can be seen in Figure 1, there was no significant rise in measured blood glucose in any of the four experiments that could be attributed to vitamin C intake. While here were transient increases in measured blood glucose in the first three measurements, they were not consistent in time or magnitude. In addition, all the reports of increases from intravenous vitamin C indicated that the effect was of long-duration (such that measured blood glucose was still elevated well after the patient arrived at the hospital or clinic).
Based on this data and the fact that typical vitamin C consumption is much less than what I took in these experiments, I conclude that ingested vitamin C has no measurable impact on blood glucose measurements at any practical quantity.
Final Thoughts & Next Experiments
This was a very satisfying experiment. Pretty quick, answered a question I wasn’t able to find in the literature or from the CGM companies (though they probably knew the answer), and results were very clear.
Next up:
Re-tune basal and bolus (meal) insulin doses
My routine has changed a lot due to working from home, changing doctors, and changing medication (due to insurance requirements). Plus, I was able to get a Dexcom G6 CGM, which is showing accuracy comparable to my blood glucose meter. Blood sugars are still good, but I think I can get them better.
This is going pretty well. As I expected, I had my basal:bolus ratio off. I’m steadily getting it corrected and it’s making my blood sugar a lot more stable.
Re-measure blood sugar impact of glucose and insulin; compare to previous data
While working from home, I’ve gained some weight (and hopefully muscle). This has resulted in a change in my insulin sensitivity. Not huge, but I need to remeasure to have an accurate baseline for future experiments.
Test the effect of some dietary supplements that have been reported to affect blood sugar in the literature, but where data insufficient or contradictory
Glutamate (reported to reduce post-prandial glucose, but magnitude and timing vary widely)
Others tbd.
As always, if you have any questions, comments, suggestions, or are interested in joining in future experiments, please let me know in the comments or send a PM via the contact form or to quantifieddiabetes_at_gmail.com.
Since I started self-experimenting to better manage my diabetes, one of the things I was most interested in was the effect of different foods on blood sugar. I follow a low-carb/keto diet and I was particularly interested in confirming if low-carb flour and sugar replacements (e.g. oat-fiber, inulin, allulose, etc.) really have as little impact as claimed.
When I first tried this, I added ingredients to my normal meals measured the change in my normal BG trends. This proved too noisy and I couldn’t get a clean measure of the effect of even pure glucose in a reasonable number of measurements (design, results).
For these experiments, I isolated the effect of the ingredient being tested by fasting for 17 h before eating/drinking. This worked really well and I was able to get reliable measurements and some (hopefully) interesting insights.
I hope some people find this interesting. If you have any questions, comments, or suggestions for future experiments, I’d love to know.
Lastly, if you’re interested in joining in any future experiments, let me know in the comments or send a via the contact form or to quantifieddiabetes_at_gmail.com.
Results for ingredients without links are in this post.
Key results
The main macronutrients, carbohydrates, protein, and fat have the expected impact. Notably:
Contrary to some claims I’ve read, fat had virtually zero impact on my blood sugar.
Starch and glucose had nearly the same impact, though slightly delayed in time. This suggests that for purposes of carbohydrate counting, I can treat all digestible carbohydrates the same.
Insoluble or “indigestible” fiber had a wide range of impact, from near zero for oat fiber, ~10% of glucose for inulin, to 76% of glucose for resistant wheat starch.
This is extremely disconcerting, as both oat fiber (iAUC 0.4% of glucose) and resistant wheat starch (iAUC 75% of glucose) are listed as insoluble fiber on nutrition labels, but have radically different impact on blood sugar. Given the lack of clarity and quantification of ingredient lists, this makes it nearly impossible to predict the blood glucose impact of a food without eating it and testing.
My two preferred non-nutritive sweeteners, allulose and erythritol had negligible impact on my blood glucose.
Adding oat fiber to glucose had a negligible impact on blood glucose, though the time to peak was increased by 30 min. Further testing with different types of fiber and other macronutrients would be required to get a better handle on this effect, but the initial results suggest that while fiber might have an impact on rate of glucose absorption, it’s not signifiant enough to change the blood glucose impact for insulin-dependent diabetics (might be very different for someone who makes more endogenous insulin).
Details
Purpose
To quantify the effect of ingestion of food ingredients and ingredient combinations on my blood sugar.
Whey Protein. A complete protein extracted from milk whey. It’s the most popular protein supplement due to its ease of digestion, rapid absorption, and appreciable content of all 9 essential amino acids.
Olive Oil. A cooking oil that’s high in unsaturated fats, primarily oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acid. It’s used extensively in cooking.
Procedure. From 7 pm the day before through 4:30p the day of experiment, no food or calorie-containing drinks were consumed and no exercise was performed. Non-calorie-containing drinks were consumed as desired (water, caffeine-free tea, and decaffeinated coffee). At ~12 pm, the substance to be tested was dissolved or suspended in 475 mL of water and ingested as rapidly as comfortable. BGM measurements were then taken approximately every 15 min. for 2 h or until blood glucose had returned to baseline, whichever was longer. A final BGM measurement was taken 4.5 h after ingestion. Measurements. Blood glucose was measured using a FreeStyle Freedom Lite glucose meter with FreeStyle lancets & test strips. No special precautions were taken to clean the lancing site before measurement. To take a sample, the lancing devices was used to pierce the skin at an ~45° angle from the finger. Blood was then squeezed out by running the thumb and pointer finger of the opposite hand from the first knuckle to the lancing site of the finger. Blood was then wicked into a test strip that had been inserted into the meter and the glucose reading was recorded.
Data Processing & Visualization. iAUC was calculated using the trapezoid method (see data spreadsheet for details). Data was visualized using Tableau.
To determine the best time of day to measure the effect of food ingredients on my blood sugar, I monitored my blood sugar on three separate days while fasting. Based on the results, for all experiments in this study, I started fasting 7p the night before and started the measurement at 12p.
Glucose was used as the baseline for comparison for all other ingredients. It raises my blood sugar by 6.7 mg/dL/gglucose, with the peak occurring from 45-75 min. after ingestion. Results were extremely linear with amount consumed, with a slightly better fit when using incremental area under the curve (iAUC) vs. the peak increase (R2 = 0.988 vs. 0.983).
Corn starch had virtually the same effect as glucose, with an increase of 141% (by iAUC), but with a slower rise (110 vs. 76 min. for higher amounts consumed). This resulted in a slightly lower peak, 4.1 mg/dL/g(cornstarch) or 76% that of glucose.
Whey protein isolate increases my blood sugar by ~20% that of glucose (by iAUC), but with a slower rise. This result sin a lower peak, 0.68 mg/dL/g(whey) or 10% that of glucose, but a long tail of increased blood sugar, ~0.4 mg/dL/g(whey) @ 4.5 h.
Olive oil had a negligible effect on my blood sugar, ~0.1 mg/dL/g(olive oil) for ~350 kcal of oil, or 1.5% that of glucose.
This is mostly consistent with the medical literature. The two most interesting observations for me were:
Fat had virtually zero impact on my blood sugar. I’ve read a lot of posts and comments by people who dose a small amount of insulin based on the fat content of a meal. The claim is that it does increase their blood glucose, though much less than carbohydrates or proteins. My (limited) measurements do not show this.
If anyone reading this does see blood glucose rise with fat intake and is interested in doing a joint experiment to measure it, please let me know in the comments or send a PM via the contact form or to quantifieddiabetes_at_gmail.com.
Cornstarch had virtually the same impact on as glucose, just slightly delayed in time. Given the difference in their glycemic index (100 vs. 70), I would have expected a larger effect. That said, this suggests that for purposes of carbohydrate counting, I can treat all digestible carbohydrates the same.
Fiber was the most interesting and disturbing category. I looked at oat-fiber, resistant wheat starch, and inulin, all of which are claimed to be indigestible and have minimal impact on blood sugar (see ingredient backgrounds, above). Their actual impact on blood glucose, however, varied widely, ranging from near zero for oat fiber, ~10% of glucose for inulin, to 76% of glucose for resistant wheat starch.
This is extremely disconcerting, as both oat fiber (iAUC 0.4% of glucose) and resistant wheat starch (iAUC 75% of glucose) are listed as insoluble fiber on nutrition labels, but have radically different impact on blood sugar. Given the lack of clarity and quantification of ingredient lists, this makes it nearly impossible to predict the blood glucose impact of a food without eating it and testing.
The non-nutritive sweeteners I tried were a lot more promising. Both allulose and erythritol, my two favorite sweeteners, had negligible effect on my blood glucose up to the maximum quantity.
Glucose + Fiber
Many people claim that fiber can slow the absorption of sugar, helping to control blood sugar levels. Soluble fiber is generally claimed to have a stronger effect, but most soluble fibers are digestible and would contribute to blood sugar rise. Given that, I decided to test if oat fiber, and insoluble, indigestible fiber would slow blood sugar increase.
Towards that end, I tested glucose with an additional 44g of oat fiber. The impact on blood glucose was the same within the error of the measurement, but the time to peak was increased by 30 min. Further testing with different types of fiber and other macronutrients would be required to get a better handle on this effect, but the initial results suggest that while fiber might have an impact on rate of glucose absorption, it’s not signifiant enough to change the blood glucose impact for insulin-dependent diabetics (might be very different for someone who makes more endogenous insulin).
Final Thoughts & Next Experiments
Key results in the Summary section above.
Overall, the experiment was successful, yielding a reliable measure of the impact of the major macronutrients and my most commonly used low-carb ingredients. I also got preliminary insight into the interaction effect between glucose and insoluble fiber.
Due to external circumstances, I didn’t get to as many ingredients as I’d have liked. I may come back and do further experiments. I’m particularly interested in testing a wider range of purportedly low-carb ingredients and diving deeper into interaction effects (maybe looking foods with a range of different carbohydrate:protein:fat:fiber).
That said, these experiments were very time consuming and the frequent extended fasts were disruptive to my normal routine. I need to either find a simpler/easier experimental protocol or get more people to join in to accelerate data collection.
In the meantime, my plan for next experiments is:
Re-tune basal and bolus (meal) insulin doses
My routine has changed a lot due to working from home, changing doctors, and changing medication (due to insurance requirements). Plus, I was able to get a Dexcom G6 CGM, which is showing accuracy comparable to my blood glucose meter. Blood sugars are still good, but I think I can get them better.
Re-measure blood sugar impact of glucose and insulin; compare to previous data
While working from home, I’ve gained some weight (and hopefully muscle). This has resulted in a change in my insulin sensitivity. Not huge, but I need to remeasure to have an accurate baseline for future experiments.
Test the effect of some dietary supplements that have been reported to affect blood sugar in the literature, but where data insufficient or contradictory
Vitamin C (reported to cause blood glucose meters to read higher than actual, but all measurements I can find are for injected vitamin C)
Glutamate (reported to reduce post-prandial glucose, but magnitude and timing vary widely)
Others tbd.
As always, if you have any questions, comments, suggestions, or are interested in joining in future experiments, please let me know in the comments or send a PM via the contact form or to quantifieddiabetes_at_gmail.com.
